SECTION 07 / CITATION REGISTER

CJC-1295 references and citations

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to one of these sources — the full flight-recorder citation register, with DOIs, PMIDs, and trial identifiers.

The CJC-1295 references behind this digest

The CJC-1295 references below are the complete source set for this digest. The core human pharmacokinetics rest on Teichman 2006 and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 [1][3]; the molecular and animal foundation on Jette 2005 and Alba 2006 [2][4]; the regulatory and anti-doping context on the 2024 FDA PCAC review and Henninge 2010 [1][6]; and the class-level framing on the 2025 Nature Reviews Endocrinology review [13]. Each numbered entry corresponds to the inline markers used across the human and animal research and the other pages.

The register is deliberately mixed by evidence type. Entries 1 and 3 are the foundational human pharmacokinetic studies — the measured telemetry the whole site is built around. Entries 2, 4, and 5 are the animal and mechanistic work that explains how the long-acting design produces those kinetics. Entry 6 is the analytical-chemistry identification of CJC-1295 in a seized preparation, and entry 7 is the discontinued ConjuChem Phase 2 registry record. Entries 12, 13, 14, and 16 supply the GH-physiology and class-level context — fluid retention, the GHRH-analog landscape, adult GH-deficiency guidance, and the unapproved-peptide safety review. Where a source disagrees with another on a chemical identifier, this digest flags the uncertainty in the body rather than resolving it silently.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805.
  2. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058.
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797.
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294.
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477.
  6. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650.
  7. ConjuChem Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov; 2006. NCT00267527.
  8. Growth hormone secretagogue treatment in hypogonadal men raises serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. Am J Mens Health. 2017.
  9. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011.
  10. Modified GRF (1-29) — chemical and pharmacological description. Encyclopedic reference; 2024.
  11. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002.
  12. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195.
  13. A 2024 update on growth hormone deficiency syndrome in adults: from guidelines to clinical practice. J Clin Med. 2024;13(20):6079.
  14. Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea kinetics. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009.
  15. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026.